与思科ASA防火墙建立IPSec VPN(IKE v1)

组网需求

如图所示，通过IPsec VPN（接口模式）将2个局域网连接起来，实现192.168.111.0/24与192.168.112.0/24两个网段的通信。与思科ASA防火墙进行IPsec VPN（IKE v1）对接。

网络拓扑

image-20230108112437263

配置要点

  • 配置FortiGate
    • 基本上网配置
    • 配置IPsec VPN
  • 配置Cisco_ASA防火墙
    • 基本上网配置
    • 配置IPsec VPN
  • 说明：如果要删除IPSEC VPN第一阶段、第二阶段时，需要先删除被调用的路由与防火墙安全策略

配置步骤

FortiGate

  1. 基本上网配置。

    image-20230107185414663

    image-20230107185524335

  2. 配置IPSec VPN，进入VPN→IPSec隧道，点击新建→IPSec隧道按钮。

    image-20230107185632247

  3. 选择IPsec VPN自定义模板进行配置，点击下一步。

    image-20230107185800178

  4. 配置网络、认证、第一阶段。

    image-20230107190014497

    config vpn ipsec phase1-interface
    edit "VPN-to-Side1"
        set interface "port1"
        set peertype any
        set net-device disable
        set proposal aes256-sha1
        set dpd on-idle
        set dhgrp 14 5 2
        set remote-gw 101.100.1.1
        set psksecret ENC /HISpjoxUQ1RoRXahwT2OpZmuyYsDY818arB4Q93PztlW0oynlDWuKIk1WIAXFLNldoVFlgOOjBk9Bf9tc6LdI/BeD6CmRvgokNIKa5fVnVgxXLzHM9fPGvtRXb362jpxZkMxuKHcNGVrJCimmjVGAS+gixHgh8mRLj5kaMAbyhNX1odwNNgxYcxqap5iAwncL3ZzQ==
    next
end

  5. 配置第二阶段。

    image-20230107190227294

    config vpn ipsec phase2-interface
    edit "VPN-to-Side1"
        set phase1name "VPN-to-Side1"
        set proposal aes128-sha1
        set auto-negotiate enable
    next
end

  6. 配置VPN相关的网段地址对象和防火墙策略。

    image-20230107190621545

    image-20230107190854693

    config firewall address
    edit "Local_192.168.111.0/24"
        set uuid 3bff7c90-8e7b-51ed-5311-ca9abc900a91
        set subnet 192.168.111.0 255.255.255.0
    next
    edit "Remote_192.168.112.0/24"
        set uuid 4647b500-8e7b-51ed-ea6f-c0ec2647bb42
        set subnet 192.168.112.0 255.255.255.0
    next
end

config firewall policy
    edit 1
        set name "VPN-Local-to-Side1"
        set uuid 7d1e7ce4-8e7b-51ed-19ea-001e373a03f3
        set srcintf "port2"
        set dstintf "VPN-to-Side1"
        set action accept
        set srcaddr "Local_192.168.111.0/24"
        set dstaddr "Remote_192.168.112.0/24"
        set schedule "always"
        set service "ALL"
    next
    edit 2
        set name "VPN-Side1-to-Local"
        set uuid 96c924d2-8e7b-51ed-f2d1-a61215d677f8
        set srcintf "VPN-to-Side1"
        set dstintf "port2"
        set action accept
        set srcaddr "Remote_192.168.112.0/24"
        set dstaddr "Local_192.168.111.0/24"
        set schedule "always"
        set service "ALL"
    next
end

  7. 配置VPN业务网段的静态路由。

    image-20230107191059898

    config router static
    edit 1
        set gateway 202.106.1.254
        set device "port1"
    next
    edit 2
        set dst 192.168.112.0 255.255.255.0
        set device "VPN-to-Side1"
    next
    edit 3
        set dst 192.168.112.0 255.255.255.0
        set distance 254
        set blackhole enable
    next
end

Cisco Router

  1. 基本上网配置。

     interface GigabitEthernet0/0
 nameif Outside
 security-level 0
 ip address 101.100.1.1 255.255.255.0
 no shutdown
 !
 interface GigabitEthernet0/1
 nameif Inside
 security-level 100
 ip address 192.168.112.1 255.255.255.0
 no shutdown
 !
 route Outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 101.100.1.254

 object network Inside_Net_192.168.112.0
 subnet 192.168.112.0 255.255.255.0

 object network Inside_Net_192.168.112.0
 nat (Inside,Outside) dynamic interface

 policy-map global_policy
 class inspection_default
   inspect icmp
   inspect icmp error

  2. IPsec IKE v1的配置。

    crypto ikev1 enable Outside

 crypto ikev1 policy 10
 authentication pre-share
 encryption aes-256
 hash sha
 group 5
 lifetime 86400

 tunnel-group 202.106.1.1 type ipsec-l2l
 tunnel-group 202.106.1.1 ipsec-attributes
 ikev1 pre-shared-key Fortinet123#
 !
 crypto ipsec ikev1 transform-set MY_Trans esp-aes esp-sha-hmac

 crypto ipsec profile MY_IPsec_Pro
 set ikev1 transform-set MY_Trans
 set pfs group5
 !
 interface Tunnel0
 nameif VPN
 ip address 1.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
 tunnel source interface Outside
 tunnel destination 202.106.1.1
 tunnel mode ipsec ipv4
 tunnel protection ipsec profile MY_IPsec_Pro
 !
 management-access Inside    //为了可以让Inside接口可以被ping通
 !
 route VPN 192.168.111.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.1

结果验证

  1. FortiGate上查看IPSec隧道建立，在仪表盘新建IPSec监控，可以看到IPSec建立成功。

    image-20230107193250578

  2. 查看FortiGate的路由表。

    FortiGate # get router info routing-table all
Codes: K - kernel, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, B - BGP
       O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default

Routing table for VRF=0
S*      0.0.0.0/0 [10/0] via 202.106.1.254, port1, [1/0]
C       192.168.111.0/24 is directly connected, port2
S       192.168.112.0/24 [10/0] via VPN-to-Side1 tunnel 101.100.1.1, [1/0]
C       202.106.1.0/24 is directly connected, port1

  3. FortiGate侧业务测试。

    FortiGate # execute ping-options source 192.168.111.1

FortiGate # execute ping 192.168.112.1
PING 192.168.112.1 (192.168.112.1): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.112.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=1.0 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.112.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=1.2 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.112.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=0.9 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.112.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=1.1 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.112.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=1.0 ms

--- 192.168.112.1 ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 0.9/1.0/1.2 ms

  4. 查看FortiGate隧道状态。

    FortiGate # diagnose vpn ike gateway list
vd: root/0
name: VPN-to-Side1
version: 1
interface: port1 3
addr: 202.106.1.1:500 -> 101.100.1.1:500
tun_id: 101.100.1.1/::101.100.1.1
remote_location: 0.0.0.0
network-id: 0
created: 142s ago
IKE SA: created 1/1  established 1/1  time 10/10/10 ms
IPsec SA: created 1/1  established 1/1  time 0/0/0 ms
  id/spi: 71 e412d996a3f9731b/a23fe38afa532c1b
  direction: initiator
  status: established 142-142s ago = 10ms
  proposal: aes256-sha1
  key: 608f0ca220d02d6c-cd0af89676672e4a-c534a6a6c28ef467-15adfbe008693366
  lifetime/rekey: 86400/85957
  DPD sent/recv: 00000000/702e146a

FortiGate # diagnose vpn tunnel list
list all ipsec tunnel in vd 0
------------------------------------------------------
name=VPN-to-Side1 ver=1 serial=1 202.106.1.1:0->101.100.1.1:0 tun_id=101.100.1.1 tun_id6=::101.100.1.1 dst_mtu=1500 dpd-link=on weight=1
bound_if=3 lgwy=static/1 tun=intf mode=auto/1 encap=none/552 options[0228]=npu frag-rfc  run_state=0 role=primary accept_traffic=1 overlay_id=0
proxyid_num=1 child_num=0 refcnt=4 ilast=3 olast=3 ad=/0
stat: rxp=0 txp=0 rxb=0 txb=0
dpd: mode=on-idle on=1 idle=20000ms retry=3 count=0 seqno=2
natt: mode=none draft=0 interval=0 remote_port=0
proxyid=VPN-to-Side1 proto=0 sa=1 ref=2 serial=1 auto-negotiate
  src: 0:0.0.0.0-255.255.255.255:0
  dst: 0:0.0.0.0-255.255.255.255:0
  SA:  ref=3 options=38203 type=00 soft=0 mtu=1438 expire=28338/0B replaywin=2048
       seqno=1 esn=0 replaywin_lastseq=00000000 qat=0 rekey=0 hash_search_len=1
  life: type=01 bytes=0/0 timeout=28497/28800
  dec: spi=24c2aad2 esp=aes key=16 5568087b376e909df121ee5f0c0bcf6c
       ah=sha1 key=20 c423673ee77d191b93bea09089d120ab841bf14c
  enc: spi=cd21cdff esp=aes key=16 60e173bbd4bff20493566a2e0209abfd
       ah=sha1 key=20 50122d2f90bbb2c02e875084e81d5e1960995b8a
  dec:pkts/bytes=0/0, enc:pkts/bytes=0/0
  npu_flag=00 npu_rgwy=101.100.1.1 npu_lgwy=202.106.1.1 npu_selid=0 dec_npuid=0 enc_npuid=0
run_tally=0

  5. Cisco_Router侧业务测试。

    Router#ping 192.168.111.1 source 192.168.112.1 repeat 100   
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 100, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.111.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 192.168.112.1 
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (100/100), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/4/7 ms

ciscoasa# show crypto ikev1 sa
IKEv1 SAs:
   Active SA: 1
    Rekey SA: 0 (A tunnel will report 1 Active and 1 Rekey SA during rekey)
Total IKE SA: 1
1   IKE Peer: 202.106.1.1
    Type    : L2L             Role    : responder 
    Rekey   : no              State   : MM_ACTIVE

  6. FortiGate侧抓包查看。

    FortiGate # dia sni pa any "host 192.168.112.1 or host 101.100.1.1" 4
Using Original Sniffing Mode
interfaces=[any]
filters=[host 192.168.112.1 or host 101.100.1.1]
2.692454 VPN-to-Side1 out 192.168.111.1 -> 192.168.112.1: icmp: echo request
2.692475 port1 out 202.106.1.1 -> 101.100.1.1: ESP(spi=0xcd21cdff,seq=0x16)
2.694379 port1 in 101.100.1.1 -> 202.106.1.1: ESP(spi=0x24c2aad2,seq=0x15)
2.694394 VPN-to-Side1 in 192.168.112.1 -> 192.168.111.1: icmp: echo reply
3.692845 VPN-to-Side1 out 192.168.111.1 -> 192.168.112.1: icmp: echo request
3.692865 port1 out 202.106.1.1 -> 101.100.1.1: ESP(spi=0xcd21cdff,seq=0x17)
3.694116 port1 in 101.100.1.1 -> 202.106.1.1: ESP(spi=0x24c2aad2,seq=0x16)
3.694130 VPN-to-Side1 in 192.168.112.1 -> 192.168.111.1: icmp: echo reply
4.693332 VPN-to-Side1 out 192.168.111.1 -> 192.168.112.1: icmp: echo request
4.693356 port1 out 202.106.1.1 -> 101.100.1.1: ESP(spi=0xcd21cdff,seq=0x18)
4.695841 port1 in 101.100.1.1 -> 202.106.1.1: ESP(spi=0x24c2aad2,seq=0x17)
4.695863 VPN-to-Side1 in 192.168.112.1 -> 192.168.111.1: icmp: echo reply
5.693612 VPN-to-Side1 out 192.168.111.1 -> 192.168.112.1: icmp: echo request
5.693634 port1 out 202.106.1.1 -> 101.100.1.1: ESP(spi=0xcd21cdff,seq=0x19)
5.695531 port1 in 101.100.1.1 -> 202.106.1.1: ESP(spi=0x24c2aad2,seq=0x18)
5.695548 VPN-to-Side1 in 192.168.112.1 -> 192.168.111.1: icmp: echo reply
6.694338 VPN-to-Side1 out 192.168.111.1 -> 192.168.112.1: icmp: echo request
6.694359 port1 out 202.106.1.1 -> 101.100.1.1: ESP(spi=0xcd21cdff,seq=0x1a)
6.696289 port1 in 101.100.1.1 -> 202.106.1.1: ESP(spi=0x24c2aad2,seq=0x19)
6.696307 VPN-to-Side1 in 192.168.112.1 -> 192.168.111.1: icmp: echo reply

说明

  1. 关于sniffer抓VPN业务和ESP的包：

    • 抓取IPsec VPN的IKE协商包：

      diagnose sniffer packet any "host 101.1.1.1 and (port 500 or port 4500)" 4

    • 抓取IPsec VPN的ESP加密数据包：

      diagnose sniffer packet any "host 101.1.1.1 and esp" 4

    • 抓取IPsec VPN的明文业务数据包：

      diagnose sniffer packet any "host 192.168.112.100 and icmp" 4

    • 注意：由于硬件设备存在IPsec VPN芯片加速，因此可能数据包会抓不完全，主要指“ESP数据和明文业务数据”抓不全，因此有时候需要将VPN隧道的NP加速关闭：

      FortiGate # config vpn ipsec phase1-interface        
FortiGate (phase1-interface) # edit BJ-OSPF-TO-SH        
FortiGate (BJ-OSPF-TO-SH) # set npu-offload disable
FortiGate (BJ-OSPF-TO-SH) # end

  2. 附Cisco ASA IPsec VPN传统的Crypto MAP的配置方式（上述为VTI方式的IPsec VPN）。

    FortiGate 只需要修改IPsec VPN的第二阶段（添加明确的感兴趣流即可），其他的所有配置不变：
config vpn ipsec phase2-interface
    edit "VPN-TO-Side1"
        set phase1name "VPN-TO-Side1"
        set proposal 3des-md5 aes128-sha1
        set auto-negotiate enable
        set src-subnet 192.168.111.0 255.255.255.0
        set dst-subnet 192.168.112.0 255.255.255.0
    next
end

Cisco_ASA配置：
hostname ASA-FW
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/0
nameif Outside
security-level 0
ip address 101.100.1.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
nameif Inside
security-level 100
ip address 192.168.112.1 255.255.255.0
!
route Outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 101.100.1.254 1

object network Inside_Net_192.168.112.0
subnet 192.168.112.0 255.255.255.0

object network Remote_VPN_Net_192.168.111.0
subnet 192.168.111.0 255.255.255.0

object network Inside_Net_192.168.112.0
nat (Inside,Outside) dynamic interface

policy-map global_policy
class inspection_default
  inspect icmp
  inspect icmp error

crypto ikev1 enable Outside

crypto ikev1 policy 10
 authentication pre-share
 encryption aes-256
 hash sha    
 group 5
 lifetime 86400

tunnel-group 202.106.1.1 type ipsec-l2l
tunnel-group 202.106.1.1 ipsec-attributes
 ikev1 pre-shared-key Fortinet123#

crypto ipsec ikev1 transform-set MY_Trans_1 esp-3des esp-md5-hmac
crypto ipsec ikev1 transform-set MY_Trans_2 esp-aes esp-sha-hmac
crypto ipsec ikev1 transform-set MY_Trans_3 esp-aes-192 esp-sha-hmac

access-list VPN-Traffic extended permit ip object Inside_Net_192.168.112.0 object Remote_VPN_Net_192.168.111.0

crypto map MY_IPsec_MAP 10 match address VPN-Traffic
crypto map MY_IPsec_MAP 10 set pfs group5
crypto map MY_IPsec_MAP 10 set peer 202.106.1.1
crypto map MY_IPsec_MAP 10 set ikev1 transform-set MY_Trans_1 MY_Trans_2 MY_Trans_3
crypto map MY_IPsec_MAP interface Outside

nat (Inside,Outside) source static Inside_Net_192.168.112.0 Inside_Net_192.168.112.0 destination static Remote_VPN_Net_192.168.111.0 Remote_VPN_Net_192.168.111.0 //使用Twice NAT将VPN流量在NAT中Bypass掉

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